Assessment on ecosystem health of Lake Poyang based on a comprehensive index method

由于湖泊生态问题日益突出，湖泊生态系统安全状态已经成为人们关注的热点问题，了解湖泊水生态系统的状况并根据湖泊生态系统健康状况开展精准治理和生态修复与保护尤为重要。本文基于对鄱阳湖及其流域生态环境的长期监测数据和资料收集，采用综合指标体系法，从物理形态、水文、水环境、水域生态、湿地生态和社会服务6个方面构建了鄱阳湖生态系统健康评估的指标体系，主要涵盖了湖泊口门状况、“五河”入湖径流变异程度、入湖河流水质达标率等26个指标。依据设置的阈值等级得到鄱阳湖生态系统健康评价各层次健康状况等级，通过对各湖泊生态系统各指标得分进行加权计算，得出生态系统健康评估准则层和目标层的得分，最终对鄱阳湖生态系统健康进行了客观的评价。结果表明，构建的湖泊生态系统健康评价体系针对性强、科学全面、具有可操作性，可为鄱阳湖及类似通江湖泊的生态系统健康评价提供案例和方法借鉴。评价结果表明鄱阳湖健康体征状况目标层得分为73.45分，评价结果为亚健康，鄱阳湖水生态系统健康主要受泄流能力、水文节律变化、富营养化程度和物种多样性的影响。最后根据鄱阳湖的水生态系统健康评分等级探讨了鄱阳湖水生态系统中亟需解决的问题，针对性地提出了鄱阳湖保护的对策与建议。;Due to the increasing problems of lake ecology, security state ecosystem has become a hot issue people's attention. It is particularly important understand status and carry out precise management, ecological restoration protection according its health status. Based on long-term monitoring data other collected environment Lake Poyang watershed, this paper constructed an indicator system for assessment from six aspects:physical form, hydrology, aquatic environment, water area wetland ecology social services by using comprehensive method. covered 26 indexes, such as entrance condition, variation degree runoff five inflow rivers lake, quality compliance rate (as national creteria) lake. According set threshold level, each level was evaluated, scores criteria layer target were obtained weighting index ecosystem. Finally, objective evaluation carried out. The results showed that had strong pertinence, science operability, could provide case method reference similar Yangtze river-connected lakes. score signs 73.45, result sub-healthy. mainly affected discharge capacity, hydrological regime change, eutrophication species diversity. rating Poyang, raised some need be solved in protection, puts forward countermeasures suggestions protection.